Parciales de PHP (PHP partials)

En la lección anterior, duplicamos a regañadientes el mismo HTML para cada vista de PHP. Arreglemos eso ahora buscando parciales de PHP.

Que aprenderemos

  • Extract Partial
  • Folder Structure

Crear los parciales

  • nav.php
  • head.php
  • footer.php
  • banner.php

Con respecto a los Encabezados (Banners) necesitamos hacer que una parte de estos parciales sea dinámico!

Introducción a los controladores!

Controlador

Responsable por aceptar un pedido (request) y darnos una respuesta.

Un Request es simplemente cuando el usuario visita o pide la url, por ejemplo http://localhost:8888/about.php

Y la respuesta es simplemente lo que nos ofrece el código que creamos en about.php en este caso:

require "views/about.view.php";

Entonces ahora podemos asignar variables en nuestros “controladores”:

  • index.php
  • about.php
  • contact.php Y sabemos que estas variables estarán disponibles en su vista correspondiente. Asi podemos definir las variables.

En index.php

<?php
$heading = 'Home';
require "views/index.view.php";

En about.php

<?php 
$heading = 'About Us';
require "views/about.view.php";

En contact.php

<?php 
$heading = 'Contact Us';
require "views/contact.view.php";

En banner.php

Y finalmente para incluir el heading correcto simplemente en views/partials/banner.php

<!-- Encabezado (Banner)-->
<header class="bg-white shadow">
    <div class="mx-auto max-w-7xl py-6 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
        <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold tracking-tight text-gray-900"><?= $heading ?></h1>
    </div>
</header>

Parciales

Todos los parciales quedan así:

En views/partials/nav.php

Código PHP 
<!-- Navegación -->
<nav class="bg-gray-800">

    <!-- Desktop menu   -->
    <div class="mx-auto max-w-7xl px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
        <div class="flex h-16 items-center justify-between">

            <!-- Menu normal -->
            <div class="flex items-center">
                <div class="flex-shrink-0">
                    <img class="h-8 w-8" src="https://tailwindui.com/img/logos/mark.svg?color=indigo&shade=500"
                        alt="Your Company">
                </div>
                <div class="hidden md:block">
                    <div class="ml-10 flex items-baseline space-x-4">
                        <!-- Current: "bg-gray-900 text-white", Default: "text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white" -->
                        <a href="/" class="text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-sm font-medium" aria-current="page">Home</a>
                        <a href="/about.php" class="bg-gray-900 text-white text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-sm font-medium">Nosotros</a>
                        <a href="/contact.php" class="text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-sm font-medium">Contactarnos</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- hidden md:block botón View notifications y Profile dropdown -->
            <div class="hidden md:block">
                <div class="ml-4 flex items-center md:ml-6">

                    <!-- botón View notifications -->
                    <button type="button"
                        class="rounded-full bg-gray-800 p-1 text-gray-400 hover:text-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-white focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-gray-800">
                        <span class="sr-only">View notifications</span>
                        <svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5"
                            stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
                            <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                                d="M14.857 17.082a23.848 23.848 0 005.454-1.31A8.967 8.967 0 0118 9.75v-.7V9A6 6 0 006 9v.75a8.967 8.967 0 01-2.312 6.022c1.733.64 3.56 1.085 5.455 1.31m5.714 0a24.255 24.255 0 01-5.714 0m5.714 0a3 3 0 11-5.714 0" />
                        </svg>
                    </button>

                    <!-- Profile dropdown -->
                    <div class="relative ml-3">

                        <div>
                            <button type="button"
                                class="flex max-w-xs items-center rounded-full bg-gray-800 text-sm focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-white focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-gray-800"
                                id="user-menu-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">
                                <span class="sr-only">Open user menu</span>
                                <img class="h-8 w-8 rounded-full"
                                    src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1472099645785-5658abf4ff4e?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=facearea&facepad=2&w=256&h=256&q=80"
                                    alt="">
                            </button>
                        </div>

                        <!--
                            Dropdown menu, show/hide based on menu state.

                            Entering: "transition ease-out duration-100"
                            From: "transform opacity-0 scale-95"
                            To: "transform opacity-100 scale-100"
                            Leaving: "transition ease-in duration-75"
                            From: "transform opacity-100 scale-100"
                            To: "transform opacity-0 scale-95"
                        -->
                        <div class="absolute right-0 z-10 mt-2 w-48 origin-top-right rounded-md bg-white py-1 shadow-lg ring-1 ring-black ring-opacity-5 focus:outline-none"
                            role="menu" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-labelledby="user-menu-button"
                            tabindex="-1">
                            <!-- Active: "bg-gray-100", Not Active: "" -->
                            <a href="#" class="block px-4 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700" role="menuitem"
                                tabindex="-1" id="user-menu-item-0">Your Profile</a>

                            <a href="#" class="block px-4 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700" role="menuitem"
                                tabindex="-1" id="user-menu-item-1">Settings</a>

                            <a href="#" class="block px-4 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700" role="menuitem"
                                tabindex="-1" id="user-menu-item-2">Sign out</a>
                        </div>

                    </div>

                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Para el botón de Movil, si estamos en modo Movil -->
            <div class="-mr-2 flex md:hidden">
                <!-- Mobile menu button -->
                <button type="button"
                    class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md bg-gray-800 p-2 text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-white focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-gray-800"
                    aria-controls="mobile-menu" aria-expanded="false">
                    <span class="sr-only">Open main menu</span>
                    <!-- Menu open: "hidden", Menu closed: "block" -->
                    <svg class="block h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5"
                        stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                            d="M3.75 6.75h16.5M3.75 12h16.5m-16.5 5.25h16.5" />
                    </svg>
                    <!-- Menu open: "block", Menu closed: "hidden" -->
                    <svg class="hidden h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5"
                        stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12" />
                    </svg>
                </button>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Mobile menu, show/hide based on menu state. -->
    <div class="md:hidden" id="mobile-menu">
        <div class="space-y-1 px-2 pt-2 pb-3 sm:px-3">
            <!-- Current: "bg-gray-900 text-white", Default: "text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white" -->
            <a href="#" class="bg-gray-900 text-white block px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium"
                aria-current="page">Dashboard</a>

            <a href="#"
                class="text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white block px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium">Team</a>

            <a href="#"
                class="text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white block px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium">Projects</a>

            <a href="#"
                class="text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white block px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium">Calendar</a>

            <a href="#"
                class="text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white block px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium">Reports</a>
        </div>
        <div class="border-t border-gray-700 pt-4 pb-3">
            <div class="flex items-center px-5">
                <div class="flex-shrink-0">
                    <img class="h-10 w-10 rounded-full"
                        src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1472099645785-5658abf4ff4e?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=facearea&facepad=2&w=256&h=256&q=80"
                        alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="ml-3">
                    <div class="text-base font-medium leading-none text-white">Tom Cook</div>
                    <div class="text-sm font-medium leading-none text-gray-400">tom@example.com</div>
                </div>
                <button type="button"
                    class="ml-auto flex-shrink-0 rounded-full bg-gray-800 p-1 text-gray-400 hover:text-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-white focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-gray-800">
                    <span class="sr-only">View notifications</span>
                    <svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5"
                        stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                            d="M14.857 17.082a23.848 23.848 0 005.454-1.31A8.967 8.967 0 0118 9.75v-.7V9A6 6 0 006 9v.75a8.967 8.967 0 01-2.312 6.022c1.733.64 3.56 1.085 5.455 1.31m5.714 0a24.255 24.255 0 01-5.714 0m5.714 0a3 3 0 11-5.714 0" />
                    </svg>
                </button>
            </div>
            <div class="mt-3 space-y-1 px-2">
                <a href="#"
                    class="block rounded-md px-3 py-2 text-base font-medium text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white">Your
                    Profile</a>

                <a href="#"
                    class="block rounded-md px-3 py-2 text-base font-medium text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white">Settings</a>

                <a href="#"
                    class="block rounded-md px-3 py-2 text-base font-medium text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-white">Sign
                    out</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

</nav>

head.php

En views/partials/head.php

Código PHP 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="h-full bg-gray-100">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    
    <script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>
    
</head>

<body class="h-full">
    
    <div class="min-h-full">

footer.php

En views/partials/footer.php

</div>

</body>

</html>

banner.php

En views/partials/banner.php

<!-- Encabezado (Banner)-->
<header class="bg-white shadow">
    <div class="mx-auto max-w-7xl py-6 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
        <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold tracking-tight text-gray-900"><?= $heading ?></h1>
    </div>
</header>

Listo!
Continuar …